Improved effectiveness of agricultural sprays by surfactants.
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Surface Tension: A force which is required to increase area of surface by one square centimeter.
Contact Angle: The angle formed by a droplet in contact with a solid surface.
Comparison of Surfactants in Water
 | HERBICIDE | FUNGICIDE | RODENTICIDE |
Water | 100 | 112 | 72 |
NP-9 | 0.25 | 48 | 33 |
Amine Ethoxylate | 0.1 | Not determined | 46 |
Excel Sure Shot | 0.05 | – 0 | 23 |
Stomatal Flooding and Performance
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Spray Droplets On Lea Surface |
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Excel Sure Shot solution floods in to open stomata | At 20 μm below bean surface, diffuses rapidly into cells adjacent to sub-stomatalcavities. |